Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan
Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948
Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin
Date of birth: December 25, 1876
Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi
Wives: Emibai (1892–1893), Rattanbai Petit (1918–1929)
Children: daughter Dina Wadia
Date of Death: September 11, 1948
Place of Death: Karachi
Political party: Muslim League (1913–1947),
Indian National Congress (1906–1920)
Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( spelled Mohammad or Mahomed Ali Jinnah)l (December 25, 1876 – September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim and statesman who led the All India Muslim League and founded Pakistan, serving as its first Governor-General. He is commonly known in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam and Baba-i-Qaum ("Father of the Nation.") His birth and death anniversaries are national holidays in Pakistan. While celebrated as a great leader in Pakistan, Jinnah remains a controversial figure, provoking intense criticism for his role in the partition of India.

As a student and young lawyer, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress, expounded Hindu-Muslim unity, shaped the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League, and was a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, also known as the Council of Elders. Differences with Mahatma Gandhi led Jinnah to quit the Congress. He then took charge of the Muslim League and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India. Disillusioned by the failure of his efforts and the League's disunity, Jinnah would live in London for many years.